Mushroom corals are unique, free-living corals that resemble the shape of a mushroom, making them easily recognizable among reef species. Unlike most corals that stay attached to the reef, mushroom corals can move slowly across the seafloor as they grow. They are usually round or oval in shape with a domed or flat surface, covered in radiating ridges. Their colors range from brown and green to shades of purple or pink, often with fluorescent highlights.
Scientifically known as members of the family Fungiidae, mushroom corals are usually solitary (single polyps) rather than forming large colonies like other reef-building corals. They are most commonly found on sandy reef slopes, lagoons, or between coral heads, where water movement is gentle. Some species are even capable of inflating themselves to right their position if turned upside down.
In Myanmar, mushroom corals are found in shallow reef habitats, particularly in the Myeik Archipelago and coastal reef flats. They play a role in reef biodiversity by providing shelter for small fish and invertebrates, including cleaner shrimp and crabs that live underneath them. Their mobility and adaptability make them especially interesting to researchers and divers alike.
Although mushroom corals are not major reef builders, their unique biology and beautiful form make them a valuable part of Myanmar’s marine ecosystem. Displaying them in the Myanmar Coral Museum helps highlight the diversity of coral life beyond traditional branching or massive corals, encouraging a deeper appreciation of the reef’s hidden wonders.
